Delayed Deposit of Employee Contributions (PF/ESIC) Not Deductible

By | March 8, 2025
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I. Delayed Deposit of Employee Contributions (PF/ESIC) Not Deductible

Issue: Whether delayed payment of employee’s contributions towards PF and ESIC can be allowed as a deduction under Section 37(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961.

Facts:

  • The assessee delayed the deposit of employee’s contributions towards PF and ESIC.

Decision:

  • The court held that Section 36(1)(va) mandates that employee’s contributions towards PF and ESIC must be treated as income of the assessee if not paid within the stipulated time period.
  • Therefore, delayed payment of employee’s contributions towards PF and ESIC cannot be allowed as a deduction under Section 37(1).

Key Takeaways:

  • This clarifies the strict compliance required for depositing employee contributions within the prescribed time limits to claim deductions.
  • Employers must ensure timely deposit of PF and ESIC contributions to avoid disallowance of deductions.

II. Foreign Exchange Fluctuation Gain Consistent with Accounting Principles

Issue: Whether the assessee can withdraw the foreign exchange fluctuation gain offered as income in the assessment year, claiming it should be treated as capital in nature if a loss on a similar transaction is treated as capital.

Facts:

  • The assessee earned a gain due to the revaluation of outstanding dues payable to its overseas sister concern due to foreign exchange fluctuations.
  • The assessee claimed that if a loss from such fluctuations is treated as capital, the gain should also be treated as capital and withdrawn from income.

Decision:

  • The court held that since the offer of gain as income was consistent with the accounting principles regularly followed by the assessee, the claim of withdrawal of such income cannot be accepted.
  • However, the rule of consistency applies not only to the assessee but also to the revenue. If the gain is treated as revenue, the loss arising in a similar account must also be treated as revenue.

Key Takeaways:

  • This emphasizes the importance of consistency in accounting principles and tax treatment.
  • Both the assessee and the revenue are bound by the principle of consistency.

III. Appellate Authorities Can Examine Additional Claims Not Made Through Revised Returns

Issue: Whether the restriction imposed on the Assessing Officer in entertaining an additional claim not made through a revised return of income applies to appellate authorities.

Facts:

  • The assessee made an additional claim of deduction during assessment proceedings.

Decision:

  • The court held that the restriction imposed on the Assessing Officer in entertaining an additional claim not made through a revised return of income does not apply to appellate authorities.
  • Therefore, where the assessee made an additional claim of deduction during assessment proceedings, the same must be examined by the appellate authorities.

Key Takeaways:

  • This provides relief to assessees who may have missed claiming certain deductions in their original or revised returns.
  • Appellate authorities have broader powers to examine additional claims and ensure fair assessment.
  • The matter was remanded to the appellate authorities to examine the additional claim of deduction.
IN THE ITAT MUMBAI BENCH ‘D’
Diebold Nixdorf India (P.) Ltd.
v.
Commissioner of Income-tax
SAKTIJIT DEY, Vice President
and Girish Agrawal, Accountant Member
IT Appeal Nos. 6135 and 6136 (Mum.) of 2024
[Assessment Years 2010-11 & 2014-15]
JANUARY  28, 2025
Nikhil Tiwari for the Appellant. R.R. Makwana for the Respondent.
ORDER
Saktijit Dey, Vice President. – The captioned appeals by the assessee, arise out of two separate orders of learned Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals)-56, Mumbai, pertaining to the assessment years (A.Ys.) 2010-11 and 2014-15.
ITA No. 6135/Mum/2024 (A.Y. 2010-11)
2. In ground no.1, the assessee has challenged the disallowance of payment made towards employees’ contribution to Provident Fund (PF for short) and Employee’s State Insurance Corporation (‘ESIC’ for short), amounting to Rs.1,66,084/- u/s. 36(1)(ea) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (‘the Act’ for short).
3. Briefly, the facts are, the assessee, a resident corporate entity, is stated to be engaged in business of trading Automated Teller Machine, Networked cash dispensers, etc. For the assessment year under dispute, the assessee filed its return of income on 20.09.2011, declaring income of Rs.60,25,38,254/-. In course of assessment proceeding, while verifying the audit report, the Assessing Officer (AO) noticed that the assessee had claimed deduction on account of payment made towards employee’s contribution to PF and ESIC. On further verification, he noticed that payment towards employees contribution to PF & ESIC was not made within the due date as provided u/s. 36(1)(va), of the Act. Thus, he treated such contribution made towards PF & ESIC as ‘income of the assessee’ in terms with section 2(24)(x) of the Act and added an amount of Rs.1,66,084/- to the income of the assessee. Though, the assessee contested the aforesaid addition before learned first appellate authority, however, the addition was sustained.
4. Before us, learned counsel appearing for the assessee, though at the outset, conceded that the issue is no more res integra in view of the decision of Hon’ble Supreme Court in case of Checkmate Services (P.) Ltd v. CIT ITR 518 (SC), however, he submitted that the payment made by the assessee should be allowed as ‘business expense’ u/s. 37(1) of the Act. He submitted that allowability of claim u/s.37(1) of the Act has not been examined by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in case of Checkmate Services (P.) Ltd (supra). He submitted, even if a particular expenditure is disallowed u/s. 36(1) of the Act, for violation of specific condition, however, such expenditure can be allowed u/s. 37(1) of the Act. In support, he relied upon the following decisions:
Sr. No.Particulars
1. BBG Metal Syndicate (P.) Ltd. v. Dy. CIT (IT Appeal No.112 (Ctk.) of 2022, dated 17-11-2022] (Cuttack – Trib.)
2
Nirakar Security and Consultancy Services (P.) Ltd. v. ITO [IT Appeal No. 98 (Ctk.) of 2022, dated 17-10 2022] (Cuttack – Trib.)
3Bombay Steam Navigation Co. v. CIT
4CIT v. Aspinwall & Co. (Travancore) Ltd.
5CIT v. High Land Produce Co. Ltd. 
6CIT v. High Land Produce Co. Ltd. 

 

5. The learned Departmental Representative (‘ld. DR’ for short) submitted, once the issue has been settled by the Hon’ble Supreme Court, the assessee cannot subvert the process of law.
6. We have considered rival submissions and perused the materials on record. We have also applied our mind on the decision relied upon. Factually, there is no dispute that employees contribution towards PF & ESIC were not deposited in the respective accounts within the stipulated period provided u/s. 36(1)(va) of the Act read with the provisions contained in PF & ESIC Acts. Section 36(1)(va) of the Act very clearly provides that if employees contribution to PF & ESIC are not paid within the stipulated time period, such amount has to be treated as ‘income’ of the assessee u/s. 2(24)(x) of the Act. In fact, the issue is no more res integra in view of the ratio laid down by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Checkmate Services Pvt Ltd (supra). Even, the assessee accepts the aforesaid position. However, the assessee has made an alternative claim that the payment can still be allowed as ‘business expense’ u/s. 37(1) of the Act. In our view, this claim of the assessee has to be rejected at the threshold in view of the position of law declared by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Checkmate Services (P.) Ltd (supra). Once the Hon’ble Supreme Court has decided that delayed payment of employee’s contribution to PF & ESIC cannot be allowed as deduction, the assessee cannot expect the very same relief under another provision. More so, when section 36(1)(va) of the Act mandates that such contribution has to be treated as ‘income of the assessee’. Insofar as, the judicial precedents relied upon by the learned counsel of the assessee, on a careful perusal, we are of the view that in none of the decisions the alternate claim of deduction u/s. 37(1) of the Act has been accepted. Therefore, in our view, the decisions relied upon will be of no help to the assessee. Therefore, we decline to interfere with the decision taken by the departmental authorities.
7. In ground no. 2, the assessee has raised the issue of taxability of unrealized foreign exchange fluctuation gain amounting to Rs.9,67,06,326/-.
8. Briefly, the facts are, during the year under consideration, the assessee earned an amount of Rs.9,67,06,326/-, on account of revaluation of outstanding dues payable to its overseas sister concern due to fluctuation in the valuation of the foreign exchange. In the return of income filed for the assessment year under dispute, the assessee recognized such gain to be in the revenue side and offered it as ‘income’. Accepting such income offered by the assessee, the A.O. completed the assessment. As could be seen, in A.Ys. 2009-10, 2014-15 and 2016-17, the assessee incurred loss on account of fluctuation in rate of foreign exchange qua similar payments to be made to the overseas sister concern. However, the loss claimed by the assessee in the revenue side was not accepted by the A.O.
9. Against these assessment orders, the assessee has preferred appeals, challenging the disallowance of losses.
10. However, in the appeal filed before learned first appellate authority for the assessment year under dispute, the assessee raised an additional ground claiming that in case the department takes a stand that loss on account of fluctuation in foreign exchange rate is in the capital side, the gain on similar transaction cannot be treated as ‘revenue in nature’. Therefore, the foreign exchange fluctuation gain offered as ‘income’ in the impugned assessment year should be withdrawn. While considering assessee’s aforesaid claim, learned first appellate authority observe that since the assessee has not raised the issue through a revised return of income, it cannot be entertained.
11. Before us, learned counsel appearing for the assessee reiterated the stand taken before learned first appellate authority. Whereas, learned Departmental Representative (‘ld. DR’ for short) relied upon the observations of learned first appellate authority.
12. Having considered rival submissions, we find, the assessee has consistently followed a Revenue recognition method, under which the gain/loss arising on account of foreign exchange fluctuation has been treated as ‘revenue in nature’. Therefore, wherever gain arose, the assessee offered it as ‘income’ and wherever there was loss, the assessee has claimed the loss. Following such revenue recognition principle, the assessee has offered the gain as ‘income’ in the impugned assessment year. Therefore, in our view, since the offer of gain as income is consistent with the accounting principle regularly followed by the assessee, claim of withdrawal of such income cannot be accepted. If assessee’s claim of foreign exchange fluctuation loss has not been accepted by the Revenue in some other assessment years, the issue has to be thrashed out in those assessment years and not here. However, we must observe, rule of consistency applies not only to the assessee, but also to the Revenue. In case, the gain derived is treated to be in the character of revenue, the loss arising in similar account also has to be treated to be on revenue account. The department has to take a consistent stand on this issue. With the afore-said observations, this ground is dismissed.
12.1 In the result, appeal is dismissed.
ITA No. 6136/Mum/2024 A.Y. 2014-15
13. In ground no. 1, the assessee has challenged the disallowance of deduction claimed towards payment of employee’s contribution to PF & ESIC, amounting to Rs.2,78,27,748/. This issue is identical to the issue raised in ground no. 1 of ITA No. 6135/Mum/2024, decided by us in the earlier part of the order. The decision taken therein would apply mutatis mutandis to this ground as well. Accordingly, ground is dismissed.
14. In ground nos. 2 to 8,the assessee has challenged the disallowance of additional claim of deduction, amounting to Rs.41,26,12,905/-.
15. Briefly, the facts are, for the assessment year under dispute, the assessee filed its return of income on 28.11.2015, declaring income of Rs.31,65,40,940/-. In course of assessment proceeding, the assessee, through submissions made on different dates, made additional claims of deduction, the details of which are as under:
Sr. no.Nature of claimsAmountClaimed vide submission dated
1Reversal of excess provision for doubtful debts24,88,40,10517.12.2017
2Inadvertent double disallowance of provision for liquidated damages1,15,45,95814.12.2017
3Inadvertent disallowance of capital expenditure under section 40(a)(i) of the Act3,09,15,14011.12.2017
4Deduction in respect of payments to Diebold Financial Equipment, China (‘Diebold China’) which was disallowed in the proceeding AY for management shared support services under section 40(a)(i) of the Act8,86,24,63211.12.2017
5Inadvertent Disallowance of payments to Diebold China for management shared support services under section 40(a)(i) of the Act.3,26,87,07011.12.2017
Total amount of Additional claims41,26,12,905

 

14. The A.O., however, did not entertain assessee’s claim, stating that such claim has not been made through a revised return of income. In this context, he relied upon the decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in case of Goetze (India) Ltd. v. CIT / [2006-TIOL-198-SC-IT). In the first appellate proceedings also, learned first appellate authority endorsed the view of the A.O.
15. We have considered rival submissions and perused the materials on record. It is the say of the assessee that in the return of income, the assessee has inadvertently not claimed certain deduction which were required to be claimed. It is submitted, unless assessee’s claim is allowed it will amount to double disallowance. It is observed, the additional claim made by the assessee has been rejected only on the ground that such claim was not made through a revised return of income. In our considered opinion, the restriction imposed on the A.O. in entertaining an additional claim not made through revised return of income, does not apply to the appellate authorities. Therefore, learned first appellate authority should have examine the additional claim made by the assessee. Since, we have held that the assessee can make additional claim, which was not made in the return of income, assessee’s claim has to be verified factually by looking into the relevant facts and evidences. Such examination having not taken place before the Departmental Authorities, we are inclined to restore the issue to the A.O. for fresh adjudication after providing reasonable opportunity of being heard to assessee. These grounds are allowed for statistical purpose.
16. In the result, the appeal is partly allowed for statistical purposes.
j.k.