Section 132 Income Tax Act 2025
Search and seizure.
10 132. 11(1) Where the 12[ 13[Principal Director General or] Director General or 13[Principal Director or] Director] or the 14[ 15[Principal Chief Commissioner or] Chief Commissioner or 15[Principal Commissioner or] Commissioner] 16[or Additional Director or Additional Commissioner] 17[or Joint Director or Joint Commissioner] in consequence of information 18 in his possession, has reason to believe 18 that-
| (a) | any person to whom a summons under sub-section (1) of section 37 of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922 (11 of 1922), or under sub-section (1) of section 131 of this Act, or a notice under sub-section (4) of section 22 of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922, or under sub-section (1) of section 142 of this Act was issued to produce, or cause to be produced, any books of account or other documents has omitted or failed to produce, or cause to be produced, such books of account or other documents as required by such summons or notice, or |
| (b) | any person to whom a summons or notice as aforesaid has been or might be issued will not, or would not, produce or cause to be produced, any books of account or other documents which will be useful for, or relevant to, any proceeding under the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922 (11 of 1922), or under this Act, or |
| (c) | any person is in possession of any 19 money, bullion, jewellery or other valuable article or thing 19 and such money, bullion, jewellery or other valuable article or thing represents either wholly or partly income or property 20[which has not been, or would not be, disclosed 19] for the purposes of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922 (11 of 1922), or this Act (hereinafter in this section referred to as the undisclosed income or property), |
21[then,-
| (A) | the 22[ 23[Principal Director General or] Director General or 23[Principal Director or] Director] or the 24[ 25[Principal Chief Commissioner or] Chief Commissioner or 25[Principal Commissioner or] Commissioner], as the case may be, may authorise any 26[Additional Director or Additional Commissioner or] 27[Joint Director], 28[Joint Commissioner], 29[Assistant Director 30[or Deputy Director]], 31[Assistant Commissioner 30[or Deputy Commissioner] or Income-tax Officer], or |
| (B) | such 32[Additional Director or Additional Commissioner or] 27[Joint Director], or 28[Joint Commissioner], as the case may be, may authorise any 29[Assistant Director 30[or Deputy Director]], 31[Assistant Commissioner 30[or Deputy Commissioner] or Income-tax Officer], |
(the officer so authorised in all cases being hereinafter referred to as the authorised officer) to-]
| (i) | enter and search 33 any 34[building, place, vessel, vehicle or aircraft] where he has reason to suspect that such books of account, other documents, money, bullion, jewellery or other valuable article or thing are kept; |
| (ii) | break open the lock of any door, box, locker, safe, almirah or other receptacle for exercising the powers conferred by clause (i) where the keys thereof are not available; |
| 35[(iia) | search any person who has got out of, or is about to get into, or is in, the building, place, vessel, vehicle or aircraft, if the authorised officer has reason to suspect that such person has secreted about his person any such books of account, other documents, money, bullion, jewellery or other valuable article or thing;] |
| 36[(iib) | require any person who is found to be in possession or control of any books of account or other documents maintained in the form of electronic record as defined in clause (t) of sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Information Technology Act, 2000 (21 of 2000) 37, to afford the authorised officer the necessary facility to inspect such books of account or other documents;] |
| (iii) | seize 38 any such 38 books of account, other documents, money, bullion, jewellery or other valuable article or thing found as a result of such search: |
| 39[Provided that bullion, jewellery or other valuable article or thing, being stock-in-trade of the business, found as a result of such search shall not be seized but the authorised officer shall make a note or inventory of such stock-in-trade of the business;] |
| (iv) | place marks of identification on any books of account or other documents or make or cause to be made extracts or copies therefrom; |
| (v) | make a note or an inventory of any such money, bullion, jewellery or other valuable article or thing : |
40[Provided that where any building, place, vessel, vehicle or aircraft referred to in clause (i) is within the area of jurisdiction of any 41[ 42[Principal Chief Commissioner or] Chief Commissioner or 42[Principal Commissioner or] Commissioner], but such 41[ 42[Principal Chief Commissioner or] Chief Commissioner or 42[Principal Commissioner or] Commissioner] has no jurisdiction over the person referred to in clause (a) or clause (b) or clause (c), then, notwithstanding anything contained in section 43[120], it shall be competent for him to exercise the powers under this sub-section in all cases where he has reason to believe that any delay in getting the authorisation from the 44[ 45[Principal Chief Commissioner or] Chief Commissioner or 45[Principal Commissioner or] Commissioner] having jurisdiction over such person may be prejudicial to the interests of the revenue :]
46[Provided further that where it is not possible or practicable to take physical possession of any valuable article or thing and remove it to a safe place due to its volume, weight or other physical characteristics or due to its being of a dangerous nature, the authorised officer may serve an order on the owner or the person who is in immediate possession or control thereof that he shall not remove, part with or otherwise deal with it, except with the previous permission of such authorised officer and such action of the authorised officer shall be deemed to be seizure of such valuable article or thing under clause (iii):]
47[Provided also that nothing contained in the second proviso shall apply in case of any valuable article or thing, being stock-in-trade of the business:]
48[Provided also that no authorisation shall be issued by the Additional Director or Additional Commissioner or Joint Director or Joint Commissioner on or after the 1st day of October, 2009 unless he has been empowered by the Board to do so 49.]
50[Explanation.-For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that the reason to believe, as recorded by the income-tax authority under this sub-section, shall not be disclosed to any person or any authority or the Appellate Tribunal.]
51[(1A) Where any 52[ 53[Principal Chief Commissioner or] Chief Commissioner or 53[Principal Commissioner or] Commissioner], in consequence of information in his possession, has reason to suspect that any books of account, other documents, money, bullion, jewellery or other valuable article or thing in respect of which an officer has been authorised by the 54[ 55[Principal Director General or] Director General or 55[Principal Director or] Director] or any other 56[ 57[Principal Chief Commissioner or] Chief Commissioner or 57[Principal Commissioner or] Commissioner] or 58[Additional Director or Additional Commissioner] 59[or Joint Director or Joint Commissioner] to take action under clauses (i) to (v) of sub-section (1) are or is kept in any building, place, vessel, vehicle or aircraft not mentioned in the authorisation under sub-section (1), such 60[ 61[Principal Chief Commissioner or] Chief Commissioner or 61[Principal Commissioner or] Commissioner] may, notwithstanding anything contained in section 62[120], authorise the said officer to take action under any of the clauses aforesaid in respect of such building, place, vessel, vehicle or aircraft.]
63[Explanation.-For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that the reason to suspect, as recorded by the income-tax authority under this sub-section, shall not be disclosed to any person or any authority or the Appellate Tribunal.]
64[(2) The authorised officer may requisition the services of,-
| (i) | any police officer or of any officer of the Central Government, or of both; or |
| (ii) | any person or entity as may be approved by the Principal Chief Commissioner or the Chief Commissioner or the Principal Director General or the Director General, in accordance with the procedure, as may be prescribed 65, in this regard, |
to assist him for all or any of the purposes specified in sub-section (1) or sub-section (1A) and it shall be the duty of every such officer or person or entity to comply with such requisition.]
(3) The authorised officer may, where it is not practicable 66 to seize any such books of account, other documents, money, bullion, jewellery or other valuable article or thing, 67[for reasons other than those mentioned in the second proviso to sub-section (1),] serve an order on the owner or the person who is in immediate possession 66 or control thereof that he shall not remove, part with or otherwise deal with it except with the previous permission of such officer and such officer may take such steps as may be necessary for ensuring compliance with this sub-section.
68[Explanation.-For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that serving of an order as aforesaid under this sub-section shall not be deemed to be seizure of such books of account, other documents, money, bullion, jewellery or other valuable article or thing under clause (iii) of sub-section (1).]
(4) The authorised officer may, during the course of the search or seizure, examine on oath any person who is found to be in possession or control of any books of account, documents, money, bullion, jewellery or other valuable article or thing and any statement made by such person during such examination may thereafter be used in evidence in any proceeding under the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922 (11 of 1922), or under this Act.
69[Explanation.-For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that the exami-nation of any person under this sub-section may be not merely in respect of any books of account, other documents or assets found as a result of the search, but also in respect of all matters relevant for the purposes of any investigation connected with any proceeding under the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922 (11 of 1922), or under this Act.]
70[(4A) Where any books of account, other documents, money, bullion, jewellery or other valuable article or thing are or is found in the possession or control of any person in the course of a search, it may be presumed-
| (i) | that such books of account, other documents, money, bullion, jewellery or other valuable article or thing belong or belongs to such person; |
| (ii) | that the contents of such books of account and other documents are true; and |
| (iii) | that the signature and every other part of such books of account and other documents which purport to be in the handwriting of any particular person or which may reasonably be assumed to have been signed by, or to be in the handwriting of, any particular person, are in that person’s handwriting, and in the case of a document stamped, executed or attested, that it was duly stamped and executed or attested by the person by whom it purports to have been so executed or attested.] |
(5) 71[***]
(6) 72[***]
(7) 73[***]
(8) The books of account or other documents seized under sub-section (1) 74[or sub-section (1A)] shall not be retained by the authorised officer for a period exceeding 75[ 76[ 76a[one month from the end of the quarter in which the order of assessment or reassessment or recomputation is made] under sub-section (3) of section 143 or section 144 or section 147 or] 77[section 153A or] clause (c) of section 158BC] unless the reasons for retaining the same are recorded by him in writing and the approval of the 78[ 79[Principal Chief Commissioner or] Chief Commissioner, 79[Principal Commissioner or] Commissioner, 79[Principal Director General or] Director General or 79[Principal Director or] Director] for such retention is obtained :
Provided that the 78[ 79[Principal Chief Commissioner or] Chief Commissioner, 79[Principal Commissioner or] Commissioner, 79[Principal Director General or] Director General or 79[Principal Director or] Director] shall not authorise the retention of the books of account and other documents for a period exceeding thirty days after all the proceedings under the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922 (11 of 1922), or this Act in respect of the years for which the books of account or other documents are relevant are completed.
80[(8A) An order under sub-section (3) shall not be in force for a period exceeding sixty days from the date of the order.]
(9) The person from whose custody any books of account or other documents are seized under sub-section (1) 81[or sub-section (1A)] may make copies thereof, or take extracts therefrom, in the presence of the authorised officer or any other person empowered by him in this behalf, at such place and time as the authorised officer may appoint in this behalf.
82[(9A) Where the authorised officer has no jurisdiction over the person referred to in clause (a) or clause (b) or clause (c) of sub-section (1), the books of account or other documents, or any money, bullion, jewellery or other valuable article or thing (hereafter in this section and in sections 132A and 132B referred to as the assets) seized under that sub-section shall be handed over by the authorised officer to the Assessing Officer having jurisdiction over such person within a period of sixty days from the date on which the last of the authorisations for search was executed and thereupon the powers exercisable by the authorised officer under sub-section (8) or sub-section (9) shall be exercisable by such Assessing Officer.]
83[(9B) Where, during the course of the search or seizure or within a period of sixty days from the date on which the last of the authorisations for search was executed, the authorised officer, for reasons to be recorded in writing, is satisfied that for the purpose of protecting the interest of revenue, it is necessary so to do, he may with the previous approval of the Principal Director General or Director General or the Principal Director or Director, by order in writing, attach provisionally any property belonging to the assessee, and for the said purposes, the provisions of the Second Schedule shall, mutatis mutandis, apply.
(9C) Every provisional attachment made under sub-section (9B) shall cease to have effect after the expiry of a period of six months from the date of the order referred to in sub-section (9B).
84[(9D) The authorised officer may, during the course of the search or seizure or within a period of sixty days from the date on which the last of the authorisations for search was executed, make a reference to,-
| (i) | a Valuation Officer referred to in section 142A; or |
| (ii) | any other person or entity or any valuer registered by or under any law for the time being in force, as may be approved by the Principal Chief Commissioner or the Chief Commissioner or the Principal Director General or the Director General, in accordance with the procedure, as may be prescribed 85, in this regard, |
who shall estimate the fair market value of the property in the manner as may be prescribed, and submit a report of the estimate to the authorised officer or the Assessing Officer, as the case may be, within a period of sixty days from the date of receipt of such reference.]]
(10) If a person legally entitled to the books of account or other documents seized under sub-section (1) 86[or sub-section (1A)] objects for any reason to the approval given by the 87[ 88[Principal Chief Commissioner or] Chief Commissioner, 88[Principal Commissioner or] Commissioner, 88[Principal Director General or] Director General or 88[Principal Director or] Director] under sub-section (8), he may make an application to the Board stating therein the reasons for such objection and requesting for the return of the books of account or other documents 89[and the Board may, after giving the applicant an opportunity of being heard, pass such orders as it thinks fit].
(11) 90[***]
(11A) 91[***]
(12) 92[***]
93[(13) The provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974), relating to searches and seizure shall apply, so far as may be, to searches and seizure under sub-section (1) or sub-section (1A).]
94(14) The Board may make rules in relation to any search or seizure under this section ; in particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for the procedure to be followed by the authorised officer-
| (i) | for obtaining ingress into 95[any building, place, vessel, vehicle or aircraft] to be searched where free ingress thereto is not available ; |
| (ii) | for ensuring safe custody of any books of account or other documents or assets seized. |
96[Explanation 1.-For the purposes of sub-sections (9A), (9B) and (9D), the last of 97[authorisations] for search shall be deemed to have been executed,-
| (a) | in the case of search, on the conclusion of search as recorded in the last panchnama drawn in relation to any person in whose case the warrant of authorisation has been issued; or |
| (b) | in the case of requisition under section 132A, on the actual receipt of the books of account or other documents or assets by the authorised officer.] |
Explanation 2.-In this section, the word “proceeding” means any proceeding in respect of any year, whether under the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922 (11 of 1922), or this Act, which may be pending on the date on which a search is authorised under this section or which may have been completed on or before such date and includes also all proceedings under this Act which may be commenced after such date in respect of any year.]