Bogus Purchase Additions Are Void If Based on Incorrect Data and Denied Cross-Examination.

By | April 24, 2026

Bogus Purchase Additions Are Void If Based on Incorrect Data and Denied Cross-Examination.


I. The Dispute: Alleged Bogus Purchases from Keshav Impex

The Conflict: After a regular scrutiny was completed, the Investigation Wing, Mumbai, flagged the assessee for conducting suspicious transactions with an entity named Keshav Impex.

  • The Reassessment: The AO reopened the case under Section 148 and added ₹5.05 crores as “Unexplained Expenditure” under Section 69C (now Section 105 of the 2025 Act).

  • The AO’s Basis: The addition was made purely on the information received from the Investigation Wing, assuming the purchases were sham transactions used to inflate expenses.


II. The Judicial Verdict: Failures of Adjudication

The High Court ruled in favour of the Assessee, upholding the deletion of the ₹5.05 crore addition based on three fundamental legal flaws in the Revenue’s case:

1. Right to Cross-Examination & Natural Justice

The Court emphasized that when an AO relies on a third party’s statement (in this case, the Investigation Wing’s report or testimony from the “bogus” supplier), the assessee must be given an opportunity to cross-examine that witness. Failure to provide this, along with the failure to supply the “underlying material” (the documents the AO used for the accusation), violates the principles of natural justice.

2. Factual Inaccuracy (Data Mismatch)

The most critical finding was that the AO’s conclusion was based on factually incorrect data. Upon closer inspection, it was found that the assessee had not actually made any purchases from the entity (Keshav Impex) during the period in question.

  • The Principle: You cannot have a “bogus purchase” if no purchase exists in the books or records.

3. Burden of Proof

Under Section 69C (Unexplained Expenditure), the initial burden is on the assessee to explain the source of expenditure. However, once the assessee provides books of accounts and evidence, the onus shifts to the Revenue to prove the transaction is a “sham.” The Court held that the AO failed to discharge this onus and relied merely on suspicion.


III. Transition to the 2025 Act

Under the Income-tax Act, 2025:

  • Section 105 (Unexplained Expenditure): Replaces Section 69C. It maintains the 60% tax rate plus surcharges for such additions.

  • Section 280 (Reassessment): The timelines for reopening cases (like the Section 148 notice in this case) are now stricter, requiring the AO to have “specified information” suggesting income has escaped assessment.


Strategic Takeaways for Taxpayers in 2026

  • Demand the “RUDs”: If you are issued a notice for bogus purchases, immediately ask for the Relied Upon Documents (RUDs) and the statements of the suppliers. If the AO refuses, cite this judgment.

  • Cross-Examination is a Right: Never waive your right to cross-examine the person who has alleged that your transactions are fake. An addition made without this opportunity is legally “fragile” and likely to be deleted at the Tribunal level.

  • Verify the AO’s Data: Always double-check the AO’s list of “bogus entries.” Frequently, these lists are compiled hurriedly by the Investigation Wing and contain names of entities with whom you may have had no dealings or dealings in different financial years.

  • Maintain Quantitative Records: The best defense against a bogus purchase allegation is proving the movement of goods. If you can show the entry of goods into your warehouse and their subsequent sale, the purchase cannot be called bogus, even if the supplier is considered “suspicious” by the Department.


HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT
Principal Commissioner of Income-tax
v.
Sunil Devkishan Panwar*
A.S. Supehia and Pranav Trivedi, JJ.
R/TAX APPEAL NO. 1109 of 2024
MARCH  9, 2026
Karan G Sanghani for the Appellant.
ORDER
A. S. Supehia, J.- The appellant-Revenue has preferred this appeal under the provision of section 260A of Income Tax Act, 1961 (for short “the Act”) assailing the order dated 28.06.2024 passed by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (for short “the Tribunal”), Surat in ITO v. Sunil Devkishan Panwar IT Appeal No.61/srt/2024 for Assessment Year (AY) 2012-13.
2. The appellant-Revenue has proposed the following questions of law:
“(i) Whether on the facts and circumstances of the case and in law, the Hon’ble ITAT is justified in dismissing the appeal of the Revenue and upholding the decision of the Ld CIT(A) in deleting the addition made by the AO of Rs.5,04,80,000/- without appreciating the facts that the assessee had failed to prove the genuineness of the transaction made with “Keshav Impex” which was identified as a bogus accommodation entry provider, completely controlled by Shri Anil B. Chokhara?
(ii) Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case and in law, the Hon’ble ITAT has justified in dismissing the appeal of the Revenue, relying upon the decision of Ld CIT(A) in deleting the addition without considering the facts that if separate additional documentary evidences submitted by assessee during the appeal proceedings on which decision was given, either which have been not provided to the Assessing Officer for verification or not called for a remand report on the same?
(III) Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case and in law, the Hon’ble ITAT is in ignoring the fact that even though the payments made by the assessee towards the purchases are through banking channels will not establish that the transactions are genuine?
(iv) Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case and in law, the Hon’ble ITAT is justified in deleting the addition made of 100% of bogus purchases amounting to Rs.5,04,80,000/- by the Assessee from the entry provider and has not appreciated that the assessee has not established the genuineness of expenditure in the form of purchases either before the AO as the said purchases have been established by the Investigation Wing, Mumbai as sham transaction?”
3. The proposed substantial questions of law boils down to deletion of addition made by the Assessing Officer (AO) of Rs.5,04,80,000/-.
4. In the present case, the assessee filed his return of income for AY 2012-13 on 30.09.2012 declaring income at Rs.9,90,170/- and his case was selected for scrutiny and accordingly, assessment under section 143(3) of the Act was completed on 18.03.2015 determining income of the assessee at Rs.16,77,080/-. Thereafter, in view of the information received by the Investigation Wing, Mumbai relating to the transaction made with M/s.Keshav Impex, notice under section 148 of the Act was issued upon assessee on 30.03.2019. The assessment was completed under section 143(3) read with section 147 of the Act on 18.11.2019 by determining the total income of the assessee at Rs.5,21,57,080/-. Being aggrieved with the Assessment Order, the assessee preferred an appeal before the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) (for short “CIT(A)”) and vide order dated 21.11.2013 the same was allowed replying on the fact that the AO had not discharged his onus of disproving the transactions with M/s.Keshav Impex as a sham arrangement, which finally culminated into the present tax appeal.
5. Learned Senior Standing Counsel Mr.Sanghani has submitted that the assessee has made transaction of Rs.5,04,80,000/- with Shri Anil Babubhai Chokhara i.e. proprietor of M/s.Keshav Impex, who is an accommodation entry provider on commission basis and the assessee is identified as one of beneficiaries to accommodate his unaccounted money through the said entity. It is submitted that during the course of investigation by the Investigation Wing, Mumbai, it was established that Shri Anil Chokhara was not doing any business activities of diamonds and mere providing accommodation entry in the books of account through his proprietorship business. He has submitted that the assessee has also not disputed the facts that he had made transactions with the impugned entity irrespective of sale and purchases. He has submitted that the transaction made by the assessee is also bogus transaction, whereas no real sale or purchases were made and hence, the AO had made addition on account of such bogus purchases from the alleged persons. Finally, it is urged that the present appeal may be allowed.
6. We find that there is concurrent findings in favour of the respondent-assessee. It is noticed by us that the findings of the AO of the alleged bogus purchases from M/s.Keshav Impex have been premised on the factually incorrect data and it is not found that the purchases were made by the assessee from such entity.
7. The assessee had also contended before the AO that the reopening of the assessment was not justified as the same was made on the basis of the information received from the Investigation Wing however, no material was supplied to him and no opportunity of cross-examination was also allowed. The CIT(A) has allowed full reliefs accepting the contentions of the assessee. The same was challenged before the Tribunal and after considering the respective submissions, the Tribunal vide order dated 28.06.2024 has held thus:
“9. We find that before the ld. CIT(A), the assesse reiterated his similar contention as raised before the Assessing officer. The ld. CIT(A) allowed relief to the assessee by holding that Assessing Officer has not discharged his onus of disproving the transaction of sale by assessee with Keshav Impex. The Assessing Officer neither referred the statement of proprietor of Keshav Impex wherein he has allegedly mentioned the name of the assessee as a beneficiary of bogus transaction nor brought any cogent evidence on record to controvert the document filed by the assessee. The Assessing Officer made addition of bogus purchases, no comments were made on the nature of sales made by assessee. Books of account of assessee was not rejected nor re-casted the trading result. The assessee has produced the record of purchases and sales, VAT has been duly paid, sales tax assessment has been completed and input credits were also allowed in favour of assessee. We find that the ld. CIT(A) allowed full relief to the assessee by appreciating the facts in right prospective.
10. We have independently examined the facts of the case and find that no adverse material is brought on record to substantiate the allegation of reopening that the assessee has shown purchases from impugned party i.e. Keshav Impex. The Assessing officer even not examined the facts pleaded by the assessee and to verify the evidence brought on record. The Assessing Officer made addition by ignoring vital facts. We find that the ld. CIT(A) on appreciation of facts, deleted the entire addition. Before us, no contrary fact or evidence is brought on record to take other view. Therefore, we affirm the order of the ld. CIT(A) with out additional observation. In the result, grounds of appeal raised by the revenue are dismissed.”
8. Thus, on overall appreciation of the facts and respective orders passed by the CIT(A) and the Tribunal in favour of the assessee and there being no concurrent findings, we are not disturbing the same. We also do not find that any question of law much less substantial questions of law is/are raised in the present appeal.
9. In light of the foregoing observations, the present appeal stands DISMISSED.