Input tax credit denial under Section 16(4) is invalid if within

Input tax credit denial under Section 16(4) is invalid if within Section 16(5) timelines.

Issue

Whether the tax authorities are legally justified in reversing or denying Input Tax Credit (ITC) as time-barred under Section 16(4) of the GST Act when the claim falls within the extended timelines provided under Section 16(5).

Facts

The petitioner is a registered dealer under the Goods and Services Tax (GST) framework.
The tax department issued an original order reversing and denying the petitioner’s Input Tax Credit (ITC) claim, treating it as time-barred under Section 16(4).
Along with the ITC reversal, the department levied consequential tax, interest, and penalties on the petitioner.
To enforce recovery, the tax authorities initiated coercive action and froze the bank accounts of the petitioner.
The petitioner invoked the writ jurisdiction of the High Court, challenging the denial on the grounds that their ITC claim was valid and protected under the statutory extension provided by Section 16(5).

Decision

Denial Quashed: The High Court held that the denial of ITC based solely on the limitation period of Section 16(4) cannot stand if the claim is within the period contemplated by Section 16(5). The impugned order was quashed to that extent.
Restraint and Defrozen Accounts: The respondent department was strictly restrained from initiating any further recovery proceedings regarding this specific limitation issue, and the court directed the immediate defreezing of the petitioner’s bank accounts.
Refund and Ledger Adjustment: The petitioner was granted liberty to apply for a refund of any amounts already collected, which are to be refunded or allowed to be utilized/adjusted through cash or credit ledgers.
Other Issues Left Open: The court clarified that the department retains the liberty to independently investigate non-limitation issues, such as actual discrepancies, wrong availment, or fake/excessive ITC claims, in accordance with the law.

Key Takeaways

Section 16(5) Relief: Section 16(5) operates as a powerful extending provision that overrides the older, stricter time barriers of Section 16(4) for eligible taxpayers.
Protection Against Coercive Action: Rigid interpretations of time limitations that ignore legislative updates are legally unsustainable, allowing taxpayers to seek immediate relief and unfreeze bank accounts via writ petitions.
Merits Remain Open: Winning a case on a technical timeline limitation does not grant total immunity; the tax department retains the right to verify the substantive legality of the ITC to ensure it is not fake or miscalculated.

HIGH COURT OF MADRAS

Surya Textile

Superintendent of GST and Central Excise^*

Krishnan Ramasamy, J.

W.P. (MD) No. 850 of 2026
W.M.P. (MD) Nos. 697 & 698 of 2026

JANUARY 9, 2026

Sudalai Muthu N. for the Petitioner. R. Suresh Kumar, AGP for the Respondent.

ORDER

1. This Writ petition has been filed by the petitioner/taxpayer, who is registered dealer on the files of the respondent-Department under the provisions of the Goods and Service Tax Act, 2017 (GST Act)/ Central Goods and Services Tax Act (CGST Act) as the case may be, challenging the orders passed by the respondent-Department, whereby, their claim of ITC was reversed/negatived and consequently, the petitioners have been directed to pay tax/penalty/interest.

2. When this Writ Petition is taken up for hearing, the respective learned counsel for the petitioner and learned counsel for the respondent, would submit that the issue involved in the present Writ Petitions, has been squarely covered by the common order of this Court, dated 17.10.2024 passed in Sri Ganapathi Pandi Industries v. Asstt. Commissioner (State Tax) (FAC) Tondiarpet Assessment Circle, Chennai (Madras)/W.P. No. 25081 of 2023, etc., batch, wherein, this Court has categorically held in paragraphs 9 to 12 as under:

“9. The petitioners in all these Writ Petitions are registered dealers on the files of the respondent-Department under the provisions of the Goods and Service Tax Act, 2017/CGST Act 2017. Though the petitioners have filed GSTR-1 returns in time, however, insofar as claim of ITC is concerned, since the petitioners were faced with certain difficulties, such as Financial constraints (as there was complete lock down due to outbreak Covid-19) health related ailments, fire accidents, they were unable to file GSTR-3B returns, which prompted them not raising their claim ITC in time before the prescribed date. Whereas, the respondent-Department without considering such vital aspects and that reasons for the delay is not deliberate, issued the show cause notices to the petitioners, proposing to reverse the ITC availed and went to the extreme level of confirming the proposals contained in the show cause notices by passing the impugned orders, whereby, the claim made by the petitioners for ITC was reversed and the petitioners have been directed to tax/penalty/interest. Aggrieved against the impugned orders, the petitioners are before this Court by way of present Writ Petitions seeking for setting aside the impugned orders.

10. After the filing of these Writ Petitions, certain development took place, i.e. that 53^rd GST Council Meeting was held on 22.06.2024, and during the said Meeting, the GST Council recommended for extension of the deadline for availing ITC on any invoice or debit note under Section 16(4) of the CGST Act and this extension would be applicable to any GSTR-3B returns filed for the Fys 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 and 2020-21 with a new deadline deemed to be as “30.11.2021”, to which, the Presidential Assent was also obtained by the Government of India on 16.08.2024, whereby, the financial proposals of the Central Government for the Financial Year 2024-25 was given effect to vide Finance Act, (No.2) of 2024, and in view of the aforesaid enactment, the Ministry of Finance (Department of Revenue) Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs, issued a Notification, bearing No.17 of 2024-Central Tax, dated 27.09.2024, pursuant to which, a Circular No.237/31/2024-GST was issued by the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs, which was addressed to all the Principal Chief Commissioners/Chief Commissioners/Principal Commissioners/Commissioners of Central Tax (All), thereby, clarifying the issues regarding implementation of provision of sub-section (5) and sub-section (6) in Section 16 of CGST Act, 2017, the impugned orders are no longer sustainable and liable to be quashed. In this context, it would be apposite to refer to both Section 16(4) of the CGST Act, 2017, as well as amendment made to Section 16 (4) by interpolations of sub-sections 16 (5) and (6), and by insertion of sub-section (5) to Section 16, which are extracted herein under:-

Section 16 (4)

“A registered person shall not be entitled to take input tax credit in respect of any invoice or debit note for supply of goods or services or both after the thirtieth day of November following the end of financial year to which such invoice or debit note pertains or furnishing of the relevant annual return, whichever is earlier.”

Section 16 (5) :-

“Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (4), in respect of an invoice or debit note for supply of goods or services or both pertaining to the Financial Years 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 and 2020-21, the registered persons shall be entitled to take input tax credit in any return under section 39 which is filed upto the thirtieth day of November, 2021.”

10.1 Thus, a perusal of above Section 16 (5) makes it clear that ‘notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section 4, referred to above, in respect of any invoice or debit note for supply of goods or services or both pertaining to the Fys 2017-18 to 2020-21, the registered persons shall be entitled to take ITC in any return under section 39 which is filed upto the 30^th day of November, 2021.

10.2 Thus, this Court considering the fact that the issue involved in all these Writ Petitions is only with regard to the availment of ITC, which is barred by limitation in terms of Section 16 (4) of the CGST Act, and in the light of the subsequent developments took place, whereby, Section 16 of the CGST Act was amended and sub-section (5) was inserted to Section 16, which came into force with retrospective effect from 01.07.2017, the petitioners are entitled to avail ITC in respect of GSTR-3B filed in respect of FYs 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 and 2020-21 as the case may be, on or before 30.11.2021, is inclined to quash the impugned orders.

11. Accordingly, this Court passes the following orders.

(i)

The orders impugned in all Writ Petitions are quashed insofar as it relates to the claim made by the petitioners for ITC which is barred by limitation in terms of Section 16 (4) of the CGST Act, 2017 but, within the period prescribed in terms of Section 16 (5) of the said Act.

(ii)

Therefore, the respondent-Department is restrained from initiating any proceedings against the petitioners by virtue of the impugned orders based on the issue of limitation.

(iii)

In view of the fact that the impugned orders are quashed, the respondent-Department is directed to take immediate steps towards de-freezure of the concerned petitioners bank accounts, which have been freezed in furtherance of the impugned orders, by sending intimation to the concerned bankers.

(iv)

In the event, in the interregnum, i.e. during the pendency of these Writ Petitions, if any orders are proposed to be passed towards recovery, same shall be dropped immediately upon production of the order copy by the petitioners, in whichever case, where, there is no interim order.

(v)

It is also made clear that if at all, if there is any tax amounts were collected from the petitioners based on the impugned assessment orders from the cash ledgers/credit ledgers of the petitioners concerned, the same shall be refunded to them or by means of orders of this Court or even in the absence of any order from this Court, if any amount is deposited either in the cash ledgers/credit ledgers of the petitioners concerned, the same is permitted to be utilized/adjusted by the petitioners towards payment of future tax.

(vi)

Insofar as the apprehension expressed by the learned Additional Advocate General for the respondent-Department that in certain Writ Petition apart from the issue on limitation, challenges have also been made to the order related to issues such as discrepancies in availing the ITC/wrong availment of ITC/excess claim of ITC/Fake ITC claim, as the case may be, or such other issues, liberty is be granted to the respondent-Department to proceed against the assessees/petitioners in furtherance of the impugned orders in accordance with law.

12. In the result, all the Writ Petitions are allowed on the aforesaid terms. No costs. Consequently, connected Miscellaneous Petitions are closed.”

3. Therefore, the learned counsel for the petitioner would submit that the above said order will hold good for the present Writ Petition also and hence, prayed to dispose of the Writ Petition. The learned counsel appearing for the respondent would fairly accede to the same.

4. In view of the above, this Court passes the following:

(i)

The impugned original order dated 06.08.2024 is quashed insofar as it relates to the claim made by the petitioner for ITC which is barred by limitation in terms of Section 16 (4) of the CGST Act, 2017 but, within the period prescribed in terms of Section 16 (5) of the said Act.

(ii)

Therefore, the respondent-Department is restrained from initiating any proceedings against the petitioners by virtue of the impugned order based on the issue of limitation.

(iii)

The liberty is granted to the petitioner to move a separate application for refund, if any, and the respondent-Department shall consider and decide the same on its own merits and in accordance with law.

(iv)

In view of the fact that the impugned order is quashed, the respondent-Department is directed to de-freezure of the concerned petitioner bank account, if any, which have been freezed in furtherance of the impugned order, by sending intimation to the concerned bankers.

(v)

In the event, in the interregnum, i.e. during the pendency of this Writ Petition, if any orders are proposed to be passed towards recovery, same shall be dropped immediately upon production of the order copy by the petitioners, in whichever case, where, there is no interim order.

(vi)

It is also made clear that if at all, if there is any tax amounts collected from the petitioner based on the impugned assessment order from the cash ledgers/credit ledgers of the petitioner concerned, the same shall be refunded to them or by means of orders of this Court or even in the absence of any order from this Court, if any amount is deposited either in the cash ledgers/credit ledgers of the petitioner concerned, the same is permitted to be utilized/adjusted by the petitioners towards payment of future tax.

(vii)

If there is any challenge related to issues such as discrepancies in availing the ITC/wrong availment of ITC/excess claim of ITC/Fake ITC claim, as the case may be, or such other issues, liberty is be granted to the respondent-Department to proceed against the assessee/petitioner in furtherance of the impugned order in accordance with law.

5. Accordingly, the present Writ Petition is allowed on the aforesaid terms. No costs. Consequently, connected Miscellaneous Petitions are closed.